82 OECD Family unit members Data Legs, chart PF3.2.B. Contribution pricing during the early youth knowledge and proper care by earnings, 0 in order to 2 12 months-olds (OECD quotes, centered on European union-SILC investigation).
84 Secret research to the early youth knowledge and you may care and attention when you look at the Europe – 2019 version. European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice. Structural signs to have keeping track of studies and studies systems inside Europe – 2019 and you may 2020.
86 Find details when you look at the Key studies with the very early young people knowledge and care from inside the European countries – 2019 version. Eu Fee/EACEA/Eurydice, pp. 54-62.
87 Underachievers inside PISA are those college students whom are not able to reach ability Level 2, we.age. the minimum top wanted to take part successfully mi hipervГnculo for the area.
89 OECD describes discovering literacy, the latest center topic to possess PISA 2018, since the ‘wisdom, using, evaluating, reflecting on the and you can entertaining that have messages to have a person’s needs, to grow one’s studies and prospective, also to be involved in society’. OECD, PISA 2018 Show (Regularity I) – Exactly what Youngsters See and will Create, 2019, p. 15.
91 The results of PISA assessments try prices, since they are predicated on types of students, in place of into the full scholar population, and on a restricted set of analysis tasks instead of the you’ll ones. An imagined difference in a few rates considering examples is known as ‘statistically significant’ in case it is likely that a bona-fide improvement exists regarding the populations at which the fresh examples is actually removed.
94 Pansu, P. Max, S. Cole, P., Nezlek, J. B. and you can Huguet, P. (2016). A burden into the boys: Evidence of stereotype possibility in boys’ training performance. Journal out-of Fresh Societal Psychology, 65, pp. 26-29. Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. Lopez-Agudo, L. Ropero-Garcia, M. (2018). Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Informative Completion. Young, twenty six (3), pp. 250-270. Smith, M. and Wilhelm, J. (2012). ‘Discovering never enhance no Chevys’: Literacy on the lives out-of younger guys, Portsmouth: Boynton/Get ready. Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you can literacy: As to the reasons Boys? Hence boys? As to why now? Report presented on Yearly Fulfilling of your own Western Educational Look Association.
96 Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and literacy: As to the reasons Boys? And that boys? As to the reasons now? Paper displayed at Annual Fulfilling of your American Informative Look Relationship.
98 Genlott, A good. A beneficial. Gronlund, A beneficial. (2016). Closing the new openings – Improving literacy and you will mathematics by the ICT-improved collaborationputers & Degree, 99, pp. 68-80.
100 The fresh new OECD tips the fresh ESCS list taking into account numerous parameters regarding pupils’ family members records, namely: parents’ training, parents’ industry, home assets, amount of instructions and you will educational tips offered at family.
101 Emma Garcia, Elaine Weiss, ‘Studies inequalities on university doing gate, Openings, styles, and strategies to deal with them’, Financial Rules Institute, ). Affects and you may control for the lower levels away from attainment: a review of literature and you will plan effort. Centre to own Lookup into the Wide Great things about Reading Search Report 29, London area, DCSF.
Regner, I
103 The fresh new proportion off pupils that have an excellent migrant history may vary extensively ranging from European union Representative Claims. To avoid calculations centered on tiny test versions, this statement suggests abilities just for Eu User States the spot where the part of people which have a great migrant history was at least 5%.
See in addition to Western european Payment (2019)
104 The expression college students ‘born abroad’ and you will pupils ‘native-born with moms and dads produced abroad’ involved in it statement corresponds to what the OECD represent respectively because ‘first-generation immigrant students’ and you will ‘second-age group immigrant students’.
106 Based on PISA 2018, towns and cities possess more than 100 000 society, while rural section keeps fewer than step three 000 people.
108 The content differentiating the employment price regarding typical-peak graduates because of the direction of the certification can be found merely since 2014, following the implementation of new ISCED-2011 group off studies regarding Eu LFS.